Ch-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants12 Questions
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1. The male gametophyte in flowering plants is the:
A. Pollen grain
B. Ovule
C. Anther wall
D. Stigma
Answer: A. Pollen grain
Explanation: The pollen grain represents the mature male gametophyte, formed after development of the microspore.
2. The outer, tough layer of the pollen grain made of sporopollenin is called the:
A. Exine
B. Intine
C. Tapetum
D. Tectum
Answer: A. Exine
Explanation: Sporopollenin, one of the most resistant organic materials known, forms the protective exine layer of the pollen grain.
3. Double fertilization in flowering plants was discovered by:
A. Nawaschin
B. Strasburger
C. Charles Darwin
D. Gregor Mendel
Answer: A. Nawaschin
Explanation: The phenomenon of double fertilization in angiosperms was first described by the Russian botanist Nawaschin in 1898.
4. In double fertilization, the fusion of a male gamete with the two polar nuclei (triple fusion) results in the formation of the:
A. Primary endosperm nucleus, which develops into the endosperm
B. Zygote
C. Embryo directly
D. Pollen tube
Answer: A. Primary endosperm nucleus, which develops into the endosperm
Explanation: Triple fusion produces a triploid primary endosperm nucleus that later develops into the nutritive endosperm tissue.
5. Pollination occurring within the same flower is called:
A. Autogamy
B. Geitonogamy
C. Xenogamy
D. Allogamy
Answer: A. Autogamy
Explanation: Autogamy refers to self-pollination where pollen from the anther is transferred to the stigma of the very same flower.
6. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a genetically different flower on the same plant is termed:
A. Geitonogamy
B. Autogamy
C. Xenogamy
D. Cleistogamy
Answer: A. Geitonogamy
Explanation: Geitonogamy is genetically similar to self-pollination since both flowers belong to the same plant, though it involves cross-pollination between flowers.
7. The endosperm tissue in angiosperm seeds is typically:
A. Triploid (3n)
B. Diploid (2n)
C. Haploid (n)
D. Tetraploid (4n)
Answer: A. Triploid (3n)
Explanation: Since the endosperm arises from the fusion of one male gamete with two polar nuclei, it is triploid in most angiosperms.
8. The functional megaspore in an ovule develops into the:
A. Embryo sac (female gametophyte)
B. Pollen grain
C. Endosperm directly
D. Seed coat
Answer: A. Embryo sac (female gametophyte)
Explanation: The surviving functional megaspore undergoes repeated mitotic divisions to form the mature female gametophyte, or embryo sac.
9. Apomixis in flowering plants refers to the:
A. Formation of seeds without the process of fertilization
B. Formation of pollen without meiosis
C. Vegetative propagation exclusively
D. Process of cross pollination
Answer: A. Formation of seeds without the process of fertilization
Explanation: Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction, producing seeds without fertilization.
10. The integuments surrounding the ovule eventually develop into the:
A. Seed coat
B. Endosperm
C. Cotyledon
D. Embryo
Answer: A. Seed coat
Explanation: After fertilization, the protective integuments of the ovule harden and mature into the outer seed coat.
11. The structure that encloses the ovule and later develops into the fruit wall (pericarp) is the:
A. Ovary wall
B. Anther wall
C. Filament
D. Stigma
Answer: A. Ovary wall
Explanation: The ovary wall matures and develops into the pericarp, the protective covering of the fruit surrounding the seeds.
12. Vivipary, where seeds germinate while still attached to the parent plant, is a special adaptation commonly seen in:
A. Mangrove plants such as Rhizophora
B. Desert plants only
C. Aquatic plants only
D. Grasses
Answer: A. Mangrove plants such as Rhizophora
Explanation: Vivipary allows mangrove seedlings to establish quickly once they detach and fall into the muddy, saline habitat.
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